Elfogadták a World Science Forum zárónyilatkozatát
Elkötelezettség
és felelősség az ENSZ fenntartható fejlődéssel kapcsolatos céljai
iránt. A jóllét érdekében folytatott tudományos erőfeszítések
támogatása. Kiállás az akadémiai szabadság, valamint a kutatási folyamat
integritásának erősítése mellett, a tudományos eredmények
közzétételében pedig a minél szélesebb és közérthetőbb kommunikáció
támogatása – ezek a World Science Forum (WSF) zárónyilatkozatának
legfontosabb gondolatai. A dokumentumot a budapesti tanácskozás utolsó, a
Parlamentben tartott ünnepélyes plenáris ülésén fogadták el a
résztvevők 2019. november 23-án.
A kilencedik Tudományos Világfórumra 120 országból érkezett, több mint
1000 kutató, tudománypolitikus és döntéshozó arra kereste a választ,
hogy milyen etikai problémákkal kell szembenézniük a tudomány
művelőinek, és milyen felelősséget kell vállalniuk tudományos
eredményeik következményeiért.
A
Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, valamint partnerszervezetei által rendezett
WSF keretében, hat plenáris ülés mellett csaknem harminc szekcióülésen
vitatták meg a résztvevők a tudomány jövőjével, a tudomány
finanszírozásával és a fenntartható fejlődéssel kapcsolatos kérdéseket.
A
kétévente rendezett, Budapestre négyévenként hazatérő világfórum
hagyományainak megfelelően idén is plenáris üléssel, illetve az azon
elfogadott zárónyilatkozat ismertetésével ért véget a programsorozat.
A zárónyilatkozat szövege angolul
DECLARATION OF THE 9th WORLD SCIENCE FORUM
Science Ethics and Responsibility
Text adopted on 23 November 2019, Budapest
PREAMBLE
With
the encouragement and support of the partner organisations of the World
Science Forum, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), the International Science Council (ISC), the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the American Association for the
Advancement of Science (AAAS), The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS), the
InterAcademy Partnership (IAP), and the European Academies’ Science
Advisory Council (EASAC), we the participants of the 9th World Science Forum, held from 20-23 November 2019 in Budapest, adopt the present declaration.
World
Science Forum (WSF), an outcome of the 1999 World Conference on
Science, is a biennial event that since 2003 has been successfully
assembling scientists, policymakers, industry leaders, civil society and
the media to discuss the role of science in meeting global challenges.
In line with the recommendations of the 1999 World Conference on Science (WCS) on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge, and taking into account the 2011 Budapest Declaration on the New Era of Global Science, the 2013 Rio de Janeiro Declaration on Science for Global Sustainable Development, the 2015 Budapest Declaration on The Enabling Power of Science, and the 2017 Jordan Declaration on Science for Peace we
reaffirm our commitment to the rigorous and ethical conduct of
scientific research and the responsible use of scientific knowledge.
Science, Ethics and Responsibility – 20 years after the 1999 World Conference on Science
The Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge endorsed
by representatives of 155 governments in Budapest at the 1999 UNESCO
World Conference of Science was a pioneering document outlining a clear
vision for science and society in the 21st century. It
defined an expanded role and responsibility for science in a new era of
human history in which science and technology are primary drivers of
societal change.
Indeed,
in the past 20 years, we have seen a revolution in multiple fields of
scientific research coupled with deep and ongoing change in our
societies. New scientific discoveries in fields such as information and
communication technologies, synthetic biology and gene editing,
artificial intelligence, big data and machine learning have further
increased the pace at which science and technology impact our
environment and society, with the potential to entrench rather than
reduce inequalities.
Environmental
and social challenges including demography, climate change, pollution
and water security have raised new expectations for science.
Globally,
investment in research and development has greatly increased, and new
state and non-state actors have reshaped the established global order
and impacted the production of scientific knowledge and the distribution
of science investment and funding.
In
our societies transformed by the rise of new communication channels and
social media, scientific knowledge is increasingly challenged in public
discourse by opinions and beliefs based on distrust, insufficient
engagement, poor science literacy, and inefficient communication of
science to the public and policymakers. At a time of accelerating global
change, it is particularly important that young people in all societies
have access to scientific education.
We recall the 1999 Declaration on Science and the use of Scientific Knowledge
and acknowledge the growing importance of the message of “Science for
the 21st Century: A New Commitment” as presented in its recommendations.
We
must ensure shared responsibility for ethical considerations to be
recognised as intrinsic to defining the objectives of scientific
inquiry, making funding allocations, and conducting, disseminating and
applying research. This should apply in particular to the education and
inclusion of young and emerging scientists and innovators.
We foster a proactive culture of self-regulation by scientists.
We embrace the Principle of Freedom and Responsibility in Science adopted by ISC member organisations, the renewed Recommendation on Science and Scientific Researchers adopted by UNESCO, and the AAAS Statement on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility as reference documents for further consideration.
We
celebrate 20 years of international science dialogue since the 1999
World Conference on Science and 100 years since the establishment of the
International Research Council, the first non-governmental organisation
to foster scientific collaboration on a global scale. We affirm our
commitment to scientific responsibility for the global public good
through attainment of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
1. Science for global well-being
The
value of science cannot be measured solely by its contribution to
economic prosperity. Science is a global public good with the ability to
contribute to sustainable development and global well-being.
We
recognise the responsibilities of scientists to conduct and apply
science with integrity, in the interest of humanity, for well-being and
with respect to human rights.
We
call for the reassessment of science and funding policies recognizing
the value of science as a tool to push the boundaries of human
knowledge, to promote universal well-being, to monitor, analyse and
respond to environmental, social and economic challenges, and to address
the capacity needs of scientifically lagging countries.
We
embrace the freedom of scientists to plan and conduct research that may
not be specifically responsive to any immediate socio-economic or
environmental expectations. Good science must be free to fly when
curiosity is the driving factor.
2. Strengthen global standards in research integrity
In
the world of globalised science there is a growing need for the
harmonisation and promotion of research integrity which includes common
codes of conduct and their enforcement. This should apply especially for
rapidly developing areas of science and research performed by
transnational entities.
We
call for harmonisation and enforcement of standards of conduct of
scientific research across borders and across public and private
research.
We
acknowledge that worthy research requires more than intellectual merit
and impact; it must be ethical, inclusive, and socially responsible.
We
call for the establishment of self-regulatory processes by which
scientists can report suspected research misconduct and other
irresponsible research practices, without fear of reprisal, and the establishment of procedures for responding to such allegations.
We
support regional and national efforts to promote global standards of
research integrity, and in particular we celebrate the emergence from
World Science Forum 2017 of the Charter of Ethics of Science and
Technology in the Arab Region.
3. Fulfilment of academic freedom and the human right to science
While
acknowledging that the principle of academic freedom is supported and
promoted by science organisations globally, there is little consensus on
the conditions that enable its fulfilment. In an evolving era in which
science is increasingly dependent on research infrastructure, research
funding, and top-down policy agendas, the concept of academic freedom
must be revisited.
Academic
freedom must operate at every point in the research process. It must
encompass the autonomy of researchers and research institutions, access
to peer-reviewed scientific knowledge and data without systemic
barriers, access to research infrastructure and funding, and the freedom
to set bottom-up research agendas in all fields of science, including
social sciences, and the freedom to communicate scientific results.
We acknowledge that scientific freedom can only be respected by society if it is based on strict ethical principles.
We
call on the international scientific community to develop new standards
for the fulfilment of academic freedom, and to create tools to
describe, monitor and measure its integral conditions.
We
acknowledge the vital nature of curiosity-driven basic sciences. We
welcome the UNESCO’s designation of 2022 as the International Year of
Basic Sciences for Development.
We reaffirm our support for the rights of refugee and other displaced scientists.
We
reinforce our commitment to promote the right to science for
all—including those underrepresented and underserved by science, such as
women and minorities —as an essential precursor to sustainable and
prosperous societies and durable peace.
4. The responsibility and ethics of communicating science
The
pace of scientific discovery has quickened, but barriers to scientific
information and the benefits of research remain. The increased
complexity and volume of scientific information requires new methods of
data validation and research dissemination. While the application of
artificial intelligence opens new paths for the management of scientific
research and data, it also raises concerns about privacy, control and
the use of personal data. Such developments alter the landscape of
access to knowledge and present challenges in transitioning to novel
publishing models and the application of new communication strategies.
We
reinforce our commitment to science as a global public good and support
open science and new publishing models that grant access to scientific
publications.
We
recognize the importance of scientists engaging with the public about
science, including the risks associated with its conduct or application
and the acknowledgement of other interpretations of research. We encourage scientists to foster citizen science and to promote the co-creation of actionable knowledge.
We recognize the imperatives for evidence-informed decision-making and a stronger science-policy-practice interface and, therefore, the need for scientists to be trained to communicate their work to decision-makers and the general public.
We
recognize the powerful role of media in communicating scientific
information and call for rigorous fact checking and analysis in
reporting. We call for a reassessment of science’s relationship with
media, particularly in view of conflicting or misleading news and
information, and the use of false equivalence.
We
encourage scientists to produce, apply and communicate science and to
raise awareness of both the benefits and ethical considerations.
forrás:mta.hu
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